How to build a crop model. A review

Abstract Cropping system models are deployed as valuable tools for informing agronomic decisions and advancing research. To meet this demand, early career scientists increasingly tasked with building crop to fit into these modelling frameworks. Most, however, receive little no guidance how do well. This paper is an introduction a model focus on avoid pitfalls, minimize uncertainty, maximize value. We synthesized knowledge from experienced builders literature various approaches building. describe (1) what look in model-building dataset, (2) overcome gaps the (3) different fitting testing model, (4) common mistakes such over-parameterization over-fitting model. The process behind can be overwhelming, especially beginner, so we propose three-pronged approach: conceptualize simplify process, purpose. revisit three macrothemes throughout instil new builder methodical mindset needed performance impact of their